Not all robots are created equal, and the specs that matter will vary based on the robot's purpose. A lower limb exoskeleton for rehabilitation has different priorities than a patient lift for home use. Below, we'll cover the universal specs to check, plus ones specific to common care and medical robots.
Mobility and Range
Range:
For mobile robots like lower limb exoskeletons or robotic gait trainers, range refers to how far the robot can operate on a single charge. If you're using it in a hospital hallway, a 500-meter range might be enough. For home use, where patients might move between rooms, look for at least 800 meters. Some exoskeletons list "ambulation time" (e.g., 4 hours of continuous walking) instead of distance—convert this to your typical usage (e.g., 2 hours of therapy daily) to see if it fits.
Speed:
How fast does the robot move? For rehabilitation, slower, controlled speeds (0.5–1.2 m/s) are safer for patients learning to walk again. For patient lifts, speed might refer to how quickly the lift raises/lowers—faster isn't always better; smooth, steady movement reduces discomfort.
Terrain Adaptability:
Can the robot handle uneven surfaces? If it's for home use, check if it works on carpet, tile, or thresholds between rooms. For clinical settings, look for "indoor/outdoor" capability if patients might use it in gardens or parking lots.
Power Source and Battery Life
Battery Life:
This is non-negotiable. For medical robots, aim for at least 6–8 hours of
active use
(not standby). For example, a robotic gait training system used 3 times a day for 2 hours each session needs a battery that lasts 6+ hours. Check if the battery is removable—swappable batteries mean you can keep a spare charged, avoiding downtime.
Charging Time:
How long does it take to recharge? A 2-hour charge time is ideal; anything over 4 hours could disrupt daily schedules. Some robots offer "quick charge" (80% in 1 hour)—useful for busy clinics.
Power Type:
Lithium-ion batteries are standard, but some heavy-duty robots (like industrial patient lifts) might use lead-acid. Lithium-ion is lighter and holds a charge longer, making it better for portable devices.
Weight Capacity and Payload
For robots that carry or support humans—like patient lifts or lower limb exoskeletons—weight capacity is a safety critical spec. Always choose a robot with a capacity
higher
than the maximum user weight you expect. For example, if your typical patient weighs 250 pounds, a lift with a 350-pound capacity adds a buffer for safety. Exoskeletons often list "user weight range" (e.g., 110–220 pounds); make sure your user falls within this range to avoid strain on the robot's motors.
Safety Features
Emergency Stop:
All medical robots should have a large, easy-to-reach emergency stop button (often red) that halts movement immediately. Some exoskeletons even have "fall detection" that locks the joints if a stumble is detected.
Certifications:
Look for regulatory approvals like FDA clearance (for U.S. buyers) or CE marking (for Europe). For example, a lower limb exoskeleton used in medical settings must have FDA Class II or III clearance to ensure it meets safety standards. Avoid "research-only" robots for clinical use—they may lack these certifications.
Stability:
For patient lifts, check the base width and anti-tip design. A wider base reduces the risk of tipping during transfers. Exoskeletons should have "stance stability" specs (e.g., can maintain balance on a 15° incline).
User Interface and Ease of Use
Even the most advanced robot is useless if no one can operate it. For caregivers or patients with limited technical skills, simplicity is key:
Control System:
Is it a touchscreen, joystick, or voice-controlled? A patient lift with a simple 2-button remote (up/down) is better for elderly caregivers than a complex app. For exoskeletons, therapists might prefer a tablet interface to adjust settings (e.g., step length, speed).
Learning Curve:
Check the user manual length—shorter manuals (under 50 pages) often mean simpler operation. Some brands offer free training sessions, which can offset a steeper learning curve for advanced features.
Compatibility:
If you use other assistive tech (e.g., wheelchairs, smart home devices), does the robot connect via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi? For example, a robotic gait trainer that syncs with a patient's health monitor can track progress automatically.
Customization and Adjustability
Every user is different, so a one-size-fits-all robot rarely works. Look for:
Adjustable Sizing:
Exoskeletons should have adjustable leg lengths, hip/ankle straps, and foot plates to fit users of different heights (e.g., 5'0"–6'4"). Patient lifts with adjustable spreader bars accommodate different body types.
Modular Features:
Can you add accessories? A basic patient lift might accept a commode seat attachment later, saving you from buying a whole new robot.
Programmable Modes:
Robotic gait trainers often have preset modes (e.g., "treadmill walking," "overground walking") or allow custom programs for specific conditions (e.g., stroke vs. spinal cord injury recovery).
